The Future of Identity
A collection of interconnected research and thoughts, on the topics, technologies, and projects concerning the future of identification, DID’s, SSI’s, biometrics, data, ai, reputation, credentials, medical history, blockchain, privacy, and ethics, on what it should mean to us as humans, and the implications for the future of this world and our relationship with it.
While technology surges past our outdated systems that we use for trust and accountability, in verifying identity by presenting credentials, hazards and vulnerabilities grow by the day. We need new systems that fit our ever-evolving technological world, and can grow with us in the future. Identity is a prime example of a critical system of modern civilisation that needs a massive overhaul.
To preface this article, I need to state a couple basic facts on my background. I am an individual who has experienced identity theft, in a number of ways, in the past. Also, while I have been following the world of crypto at arms length since BTC(Bitcoin) was in the $5 range, I only took the true dive into owning a cryptocurrency and researching the blockchain world in depth around the beginning of June, 2020. I have not been around for the years that this technology has been under development, and am not familiar with all it’s history, and would never claim to be an expert on the subject.
My journey into the realms of DID’s(Decentralised Identifier’s) and SSI’s(Self Sovereign Identifier’s) started very early in my journey into blockchain technology. When I discovered the concept, it made sense to me as something that would have value, is already much needed on this planet, and is likely to be adopted. Furthermore, blockchain technology seems like a tailored fit to house and verify this new type of identification. So I found a ZOOM meeting that was happening with a planning group inside the Sovrin project and tuned in. The meeting lasted an hour or two, and really didn’t impress me at the time. All I really knew at the time was that they had serious funding issues in the past, my voyage into the seas of DID’s ended there, for the better part of 3 months.
For anyone uninitiated, Sovrin is the first blockchain based project to put a real effort into solving this problem and working on the technology of the future. Now, of course, there are many other projects that are new on the scene since Sovrin started working on solutions, as well as the W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) DID WG(Working Group). Also, with the Improving Digital Identities Act of 2020 currently on the table in the US, it’s probably really worth looking into all of this a little further. We will get to all of what you just read later in this article, but for now, an incredibly brief history on digital identification.
When we go back in the history of science fiction, the cases for types of digital identifiers are many. Of course, in a fictional and futuristic context, the ideas of identity are intensely varied, and run the gamut from an immortal consciousness trapped inside a mechanical sheath, spliced souls, cloned identities, implants, chips, biometric scanners, and many other concepts. Many of the technological musings found in a good CyberPunk novel we have found come-to-pass in our current snapshot in time. But, in the end, while Science Fiction and the futurist writers might be a good place to look at where we are headed, we need to know where we came from.
The first digital IDs were found in 60’s databases, but those systems were based on systems and methods developed at the end of the Victorian Era. An early example of digital ID(for a human), and perhaps the first true effort, was from Microsoft in the form of their framework found in their Passport technology. It didn’t really take off on a global scale, but it laid the groundwork for what was to come. Through the time that has passed since then, the Microsoft Passport has morphed into a newly branded product(Microsoft Account). There were many iterations and ideas on digital identity discussed, developed, and beta tested, by a wide array of researchers, corporations, projects, and NGO’s. However, the true first practical answer, an answer for tomorrow, came with the advent of blockchain technology, largely introduced to the world through BitCoin.
Right now, the ways of verifying identity, and the basis of trust in transactions, is still based in the same physical realm KYC standards that we’ve been using for centuries, with few updates as a whole. This can include a photo of a driver’s license, a social insurance or social security number, taking a picture or video of oneself holding a piece of paper with a specific thing written on it, 2FA authentication, sending a code to a phone, sending a code to an email address, as well as social media verification.
This “short history” is so small it is laughable, but the article will be long enough as it is, and I’m not currently looking for a book deal. DYOR and all that, but if you want a very excellent long form article on the history of digital identities, save yourself some time googling it and just click HERE. In any case, enough with history, let’s talk about NOW, as it’s pretty much always more exciting, especially when technology is involved!!! It is my absolute pleasure to invite to the stage, Brent Zundel, Sovrin, and Evernym.
Brent Zundel is an American computer scientist and crypto-engineer who is co-chair of the W3C’s DID Working Group. For the uninitiated, the W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) is the organisation that produces the bulk of the global standards for the internet, going back to the days before HTML exists, and we had things like .jpegs nested inside a website, or even the idea of a search engine! They create working groups to develop global standards for a specific function or set of functions that need to exist or work better in the future as new hardware makes it to the consumer markets. Their standards are developed through the W3C, but usually, the working groups themselves are made up of a mix of academics and private entities, who have a shared interest in developing future technology. OF COURSE we need global standards so everyone is on the same page, and things can interoperate. Think of the metric system!
In any case, Brent Zundel was an early blockchain pioneer, and the person who will likely go down in history as having contributed the most to the early workings on the blockchain based DID and SSI standards of the future. The basics are this(note, I am no expert, always DYOR)… He is the Senior Software Architect, as well as the Senior Crypto Engineer at Evernym, a private for-profit tech company. He is also, as mentioned before, the co-chair of the W3C DID WG. Finally, Evernym is the company that truly initiated the RnD upon which most of this technology is based.
Sovrin, unlike Evernym, is a non-profit international foundation created to develop and run a blockchain based network to support the world’s first SSI system. It was started in 2016, by Evernym actually, and has steadfastly developed the standards, tech stack, tooling, and network, since then. Of course, both Evernym and Sovrin joined the W3C DID WG at it’s genesis in 2018 to help foster global collaboration on these standards.
While I originally was turned off by Sovrin, when I experienced the ZOOM session of a working group, I came back around to it through my interest in a project called KILT by BOTLabs. Kilt is a Substrate-based blockchain and tech sack intended to be a parachain on the Polkadot Network. I noticed they were an early testnet on Rococo, Polkadots final testnet, and upon further inspection I found they were also working on blockchain based identity solutions. Through looking into that project, I got turned onto the W3C DID WG, and from there, back to Brent Zundel, Evernym, and Sovrin. I started following a trail of breadcrumbs from Jamie Burke of Outlier Ventures. As an investor and advisor to Sovrin, there has been an effort to get funding, help with organising, and to attempt to right the ship back onto the right path. I’m unsure the history with the lack of funding, but I know it caused some problems. So, understanding there was a bad situation, as well as noting the involvement and track record of Jamie/Outlier, I knew it was worth looking into again.
One issue with Sovrin is the SEC. Specifically, how heavy handed they were with anyone who did some sort of ICO based on US soil during the last crypto boom, about 2 years ago. Many great projects got smashed to pieces through hefty fines, as well as lengthy and expensive court battles. While many projects had used ICO’s as a way to get funding to be able to develop the promised technologies, Sovrin couldn’t do it out of fear that it too would be targeted. Furthermore, it had already accepted some funding money from seed investors, making the whole situation much more complex, and likely stressful for all involved. How would an early seed investor be able to get a return on investment without a token release? Especially when it was supposed to originally come as a ROI in the form of tokens issued by a non-profit global foundation.
In my digging, I found THIS, which, while somewhat cryptic, gives enough of an indication of what is going on in the background regarding Sovrin. A new executive founding team getting hired? Excusing the ridiculousness of sound of the name when verbalised, but what is P-DIDI(Can’t Nobody Hold Me Down)? What’s up with a new office being set up in Bermuda? For what? Finally, Who are Torque and Titanblock? That’s a lot of questions, with no answers, so let’s unpack it item by item and find the cure for mystery.
Following the link to the P-DIDI Initiative, one finds themselves on the Outlier Ventures website, in the blog section, reading words written by Jamie Burke. It basically states that there were problems moving forward with the previous entity(The Sovrin Foundation). Evernym, and Outlier, along with other interested parties in the community, are going ahead with a new entity to guide this project along with new focus, energy, and urgency. A token launch is in the cards as a primary focus, and if they can’t do it on US soil, Bermuda begins to make much more sense.
As I read through the lengthy article on the P-DIDI initiative, it all becomes much clearer. Yes, they can’t do a token launch on US soil, and yes, it’s complicated with early SAFT participants, and the difference in opinions that led to this split in the first place. Hyperledger Indy is named as the underlying network of choice, and Aragon is specifically named as a potential DAO to govern the tokenization of the project, and the ICO, limiting liability. And then there is a loooong list of projects working on identity and reputation systems, many of which are blockchain based.
I continued to look for clues, and when it came to Torque, I could not figure out, as there were a few potential candidates with that name that are associated with blockchain tech. Titanblock, however, I am pretty confident in having found HERE. Also, earlier in the article was a link to Outlier Ventures Base Camp initiative, which seems to be a sort of incubator and grants program for startups. Of course, it was explained that the new P-DIDI initiative was meant to be launched, guided, nurtured, and incubated BaseCamp. When venturing towards the Basecamp website there was a notice that explained that the BaseCamp launch would be in the Spring of 2021, with a link to register interest in participation. Colour me curious.
An SSI is a Self-Sovereign Identity. This is akin to a digital passport, giving an individual a way to be trusted and interact with the digital world. It’s the same kind of way a passport or a Social Security Number would be used and interact with the physical world. We need safe and trustworthy ways to interact with these digital systems that exist now or are being developed, and it’s plain to see how the traditional methods have been outgrown by our new digital world we find ourselves spending so much time within, and interacting with.
A DID is a Decentralized Identifier. It’s similar to an SSI, but the DID can be used for ANYTHING. So, a digital file, a database, a smart meter, your refrigerator, your cell phone, your bank account, a power plant, or a university, can all be assigned DID’s. These DID’s essentially perform the same function as SSI’s in the digital realm….it’s a way for things to interact in a verifiable and trustworthy manner with other things, tools, organisations, databases, and systems.
The W3C is a great organisation, for many reasons. One of my favourites is that they publish EVERYTHING, and leave it up forever. That means, meeting minutes from every meeting, and all of the technical documentation is posted for the world to see. Any documentation that is being worked on is updated regularly, so it’s a great way to stay up to date on the happenings in terms of the stages of development, etc. The technical document for DID’s is found on github in the DID Core documentation HERE.
There are many entities working on DID solutions, but not all of them are sitting in on every meeting at the DID WG. However, a separate technical document, called the DID Specification Registries, does have a list of all known players in the field inside a section, which can be found HERE.
When digging into this world of rapidly developing digital identity technology, the webs of interconnections can truly boggle the mind. Looking at one example, Ocean Protocol, who are using a system of DID’s to identify unique data sets inside their ecosystem. The Ocean Protocol team has a partnership with the Energy Web(EW), to try and unlock the power of data collected from IoT devices connected to the grid. You can read more about this partnership HERE.
EW also has a partnership with KILT(KILT Protocol/BOTLabs GmbH), where they are working with DENA(The German energy grid regulator) to build a prototype for identity registration for the German energy grid. You can read more about the partnership HERE. And wouldn’t you know it, many of the senior people in all three organisations are all based in Berlin? Makes you think…
Samsung has a partnership with Ocean Protocol as well, as evidenced by the recent Chico Crypto video. Samsung obviously has a massive list of partnerships, seeing as they are one of the largest manufacturers of electronics in the world, from computer chips to cell phones, from TV’s to dishwashers, from computers to harddrives, from manufacturing equipment to medical equipment, there is hardly a slice of the technology sector pie that Samsung does not have at least one finger in. They not only have a partnership with Ocean(likely still under NDA), but also have an open one with the last on the list, Baidu.
Baidu is on the DID Specification Registry from the W3C documentation as well. As one of the largest internet and AI companies in the world, they are certainly worth paying attention to. They’ve contributed to the DID landscape with their Cloud DID Method. The associated technologies that this company has been working on is very impressive. Not only are they a world leader in internet technology, they also have a staggering level of AI IP on their hands. In early 2018, they were able to show that analysing 1 minute of voice recording, they were able to fully simulate a human voice. Also it was announced in 2019, that Baidu and Samsung partnered to begin mass producing a new type of computer chip, a cloud-to-edge AI accelerator chip, that would be able to unlock Natural Language Processing(NLP). Finally, their subsidiary Apollo, is one of the top self-driving car projects in the world. You can see their impressive list of partnerships HERE. And of course, in the spirit of DYOR, you can read about the terms of agreement in using some of their products HERE. Of course, big data is big business, and in using their products, you are giving them consent to harvesting your biometric data, and while they disclose this, most people do not inform themselves, nor care.
“Baidu Products may collect and store your biometric information such as your voice, facial features and facial geometry”
The list of companies and projects above are but an incredibly small sample of the projects and connections in this rapidly developing world of identities. While DID’s and SSI’s have their place in the future of tech, and will be integrated well with the world within short order, there is a whole other side of things which is important to discuss. Of course, it was touched on briefly with the description of Baidu, but the next part of this article will be a bit more of a deep-dive into the subject of biometrics.
BIOMETRICS.
I’ll write it again, for everyone to understand how huge this is, and to let it sink in for a minute:
BIOMETRICS.
Any kind of data that is derived from a physical body would be labelled as biometric data. It could be a voice, a map of a face, a heart rate, a person’s Piezoelectric or electromagnetic field, radio frequency identification mixed with finger-vein biometric data, eye movement, tattoos, a gait(an individuals walking pattern), a retina pattern, DNA, or a fingerprint. While my list is incomplete, the totality of biometric indicators is added to regularly, as academics, governments, militaries, and corporate RnD departments work on new ways to measure and identify unique features in a human body. On one hand, these new technologies have a wide array of uses in the field of medicine, so it’s not all as sinister as it might seem at first. That mentioned, it is hard not to see the serious potential dangers to freedom of the individual when we see the easy case for the exploitation and abuse of such data and data procurement systems.
Big data is here to stay, and will only become more prominent as time passes us by. The use of big data, especially in it’s utility and relationship with AI, has already interwoven itself with many aspects of our lives. From auto-correct functions on our cellphones, to intuitive search functions in Google searches, to our curated feeds in Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, to the personal assistants we find in things like the Google Home, Apple’s Siri, and Amazon’s Alexa. The more we feed our data to “the machine”, the smarter and more intuitive it becomes. The leveraging of AI when it comes to big data is essential in this process as big data needs AI to be more useful, and AI needs big data to learn, and become more valuable in the process.
When it comes to blockchain based projects, there are many that are leveraging biometric technology for one reason or another. In an attempt to showcase examples from the crypto sphere, I’ll list out each project, and explain their technology as best I can. Of course, this list is likely an impartial one, and DYOR as always, as I am not an expert on the subject.
ShareRing is a blockchain project based in Australia, with a huge partnership that was recently announced with the Chinese tech giant, Tencent. ShareRing, on its surface, is a fairly innocuous phone app for travelling, payments, booking, and other related services. However, they leverage OCR(Optical Character Recognition) technology from Tencent, as well as their private cloud computing database for facial recognition tied to the SSI system developed at ShareRing. So, an Australian based company with a phone app for commerce with a SSI system connecting to Chinese private servers for facial recognition. Okay, I mean, just let that sink in for a second.
Beyond ShareRing, Tencent has a lot of things going on. WeChat Pay, which has massive widespread adoption in China and abroad as a QR code payments system, was shown in November, 2019 to be able to make payments using facial recognition with their Frog Pro system. At the time, Tencent executives mused that this technology could replace current QR payment methods within a couple years. But they were actually a year late to the game, as Alibaba’s platform, AliPay had a subsidiary called Ant that had already developed a payments system technology called Dragonfly with similar features.
Known Traveller Digital ID(KTDI) is an initiative from the World Economic Forum(WEF) and Accenture, to help create more efficient travel specifically when it comes to border crossings. This is what the surface says, but in reality, it’s a system meant to be incorporated into any situation where a verified identity would be needed. This could be crossing a border, but it could also be an interaction at a hospital, a school, a governmental agency, or a bank, along with many other sorts of situational examples(please, let your mind wander). The idea is, traditional verified identity documents and sensitive records(schooling, medical, etc) are digitized in a privacy-preserving manner, and the user is given an SSI. On top of that, the user has biometric data taken in various measurements, that also goes into helping with transactions needing trust. At points where a user would need to verify identity, or prove a record, they can choose to share the necessary documents. The user would have to verify their identity based on their digitized personal historical and identification records, as well as having specific biometric data verified, to create a full-spectrum multi-faceted personalised profile.
Aerendir is a Silicon Valley based company that launched in 2015. They’ve got a proprietary technology called Neuro-Finger Print(NFP), where they can take subtle unique biometric readings from an individual based on the tiniest movements of a finger, like the shivering of an individual muscle.
TikTok is one of the most popular apps in the entire world at the current moment, but it’s rise to prominence has been littered with controversy. They’ve been in trouble legally, multiple times, for harvesting biometric data, which can be read about at length in this recent article. The collecting of biometric data of children without the parents’ knowledge or consent is specifically troubling, especially when no one knows where it is stored, how long it is stored for, whom it is shared with, or what it is used for.
Uniris is a company from France with an incredible partnership under their belt already; The 2024 Olympic Games. Uniris Public Blockchain(UPB) combined with the Uniris Biometric Authentication, to be able to verify identities. The core of their biometrics tech at the moment is a scanner that scans the inside veins of a finger. The scanning is done in 3 layers on the finger veins with ultrasound, and infrared, as well as taking a lateral fingerprint. On top of that, the scanner takes in additional information, such as heart rate, and a multi-spectral analysis. While there are claims of being safe, and secure, one of the last lines in an official Uniris article from earlier in 2020 made me pause for a second.
“This also helps in learning morphological changes thereby tracking a person from childhood to adulthood to old age.”
Baidu was mentioned previously in terms of biometrics, but it was only the tip of the iceberg. Not only are they harvesting data from voices and faces when their products are being used, but the possibility of harvesting data from biometric scanning of a thumb or finger, as well as an iris. All the way back in 2015 they showed off technology connected to a digital wallet where verification came from voice and iris biometric data. Payments made using biometrics, let that sink in. Their Deep Voice project has been shown to be able to quickly and efficiently clone voices, and their facial recognition technology is used broadly. But the true item of note is their standing in the realm of AI. They have over 7000 published patents on the subject, far more than any other company in China. They also run the largest open-source deep learning platform in China with PaddlePaddle.
As we transition from Biometrics to the next item on the list, the web of the future begins to become more clear. Personal reputation is something we will be scored on. The first obvious example is the Social Credit system in China that has been steamrolling ahead on it’s development curve for a few years now. But it would be remiss to not consider that the west was working on it’s own rebranded version of the same thing.
One core concept when it comes to a “social credit” or “reputation scoring” system, is that the digital trail that a person leads behind is compiled in one place, analysed by algorithms and AI, and distilled into concentrated useful information. Of course, we can discuss the in’s and out’s of how a number may be calculated, but it’s unlikely that these systems would allow us to look under the hood. When it comes to a much more simple concept like calculating an average based on a set of numbers, depending on the variance and amount of numbers going in, and the method used to calculate that average, the final answer can be drastically different, from method to method. When we look at these social graphs of interconnected and conglomerated digital histories, I can’t imagine that the choices for processing that data would be any less complicated. Quite the opposite, it’s obvious that it would be much more complex in the order of magnitudes. And the more complicated the methods of generating a score, the more variance a final score can have depending on the methods used to calculate the score in the first place. I would certainly suspect, if not confidently assume, that there would be absolutely no way to come to a score in an objective or equitable way.
If we look through the patents online, we can find traces of some other reputation based scoring projects. GoDaddy has a patent from over 10 years ago that has been renewed and is active for another 6 years. They have other patents as well that have been abandoned upon a cursory search.
A patent I found regarding reputation scoring attached to a digital identity was filed in 2019 by Intuit Inc, which is a long time subsidiary of Microsoft. Another one in 2020 went far deeper into the nuts and bolts of how such a process would work.
IBM, published this telling document in 2017, outlining the concepts of the future systems, where SSI’s would be incorporated with a system of reputation scoring through their partner SecureKey. They had other similar documents published that same year. IBM is also known to be intimately involved in Hyperledger, and Hyperledger is mentioned multiple times in the specification registries of the W3C DID WG, one specifically linking SecureKey and Hyperledger directly.
Accenture comes up again, as they are a major player, along with IBM, and Microsoft, attempting to bring global governments together with technology to create interoperating global systems that are compliant. As always, with future technology, compliance is a tricky subject, and often laws need to be rolled out, or modified, to allow the technology to be compliant before it’s released in the first place. Often, governments, corporations, and NGOs work together for these types of rollouts, but it’s usually a few significant players who roll out legislation first, that is then more-or-less copied by other countries. Take the previously mentioned Improving Digital Identities Act that is currently making its way through the American political system as a great example of this. My prediction is that if it passes, you will see many of the G12 countries, and the EU, pass similar laws in quick succession(if they haven’t already).
So back to Accenture, their Competitive Agility Index is a way of measuring how a corporation or entity reacts to technological, environmental, and situational changes in their sector. A complete departure from the idea of “reputation scoring” that has been discussed so far in this article, but similar, if you see a corporation as being similar to an individual(on a conceptual/legal level). The system measures various features of a company to arrive at a final score of how competitive they are based on their ability to change and react efficiently. Those features include trustworthiness, growth targeting strategies, sustainability, and profitability. And of course, the previously mentioned project they have been working on with the World Economic Forum, Known Traveller Digital Identity(KTDI) has a system of reputation scoring accounted for in the form of a living credibility profile, as to help optimise the travelling process. You can read more HERE.
Telesign is another player in the reputation game. They have a stack of patents to show for it, and are worth noting as a potential significant player in the space in the future.
In the end, whether you look to the east, or the west, it’s obvious that there are many systems of reputation scoring around the world. Some are here now, some are coming soon, but it’s hard to not notice how the systems are growing each day, and the technology and methods involved are integrating with each other at a rapid pace.
While we look at digital identities, and round out our list of attributes that can be attached to them, there is a whole other side of linked data as well. The two sets of data can be classified as Digital Attributes, and Digital Activity. It might be helpful to unpack all of this in a list form for reference.
- DIGITAL ATTRIBUTES: Medical history and records, birth certificate and date of birth, hair colour, eye colour, height, weight, academic records including attendance, drivers license, photo ID, student ID, social security/insurance number, passport, bank account numbers, other bank details, login details like username and password(or even a json file or other token-based digital signatory), signature(including historical evolution of a signature), email addresses, websites, social media accounts, social credit scores, other accreditations(like certifications, licenses, and diplomas), and biometrics(including retina scan, 3d face scan, voice scan, heart rate, steps per day/hour, finger vein, and neuro-based data, amongst others’).
- DIGITAL ACTIVITY: App downloads, phone usage, geotagging and geotracking, likes, retweets, purchase history, browsing history, search history, signed petitions, linked ip addresses, times of online activity, amount of online activity, photos, comments, shares, and friends network/follows, amongst others’.
This rapidly developing set of related technologies, and their usage and adoption, will have huge implications for human beings, the planet, how we travel, do business, and interact. How biometric data, tracking, traditional identity based verification, as well as our digital footprints and histories, will interact with AI is going to bring us to a new and unknown place. The potential for abuse of such systems, as well as who controls the keys to the car, is something worth noting, being concerned about, and discussing publicly. How do we arrive at consensus for an individuals’ reputation score? How is all this data stored and managed? Privacy is obviously of great concern, so do we feel safe in how it is stored, or whom it is shared with? Do we trust the future gatekeepers of global trust to benevolently run these systems? As the systems evolve, they will become smarter, and more data points and tooling will be integrated. We should have been discussing this all en masse years ago, and time is running out for this to be an open discussion amongst regular humans participating in the consultation process that will impact us all in more ways than this article can even imagine.
In the end, this whole sphere of interconnected and quickly developing tools and technology is an absolutely massive upgrade for humankind and the world compared to our traditional systems. If there would be one comment I would have on the entire thing is that we certainly are not discussing it enough(AGAIN). The importance of rigorous dialogue and open communication on the related subjects are going to pave the way for our standards of privacy in the not too distant future. Furthermore, it’s obvious to see we have very serious conversations to have on the subject of ethics. This is a Brave New World we are heading into, and to avoid ending up in a place we would rather not be in, we need to discuss and get involved, NOW. The one thing that is abundantly clear is that this tech will have a colossal impact on humanity, and 99% of people do not even know it is coming yet, whilst it knocks at our door.
So it’s time to shit, or get off the pot. The future of this world hangs in the balance. This is technology that is much needed, on some level, and it’s plain to see the value to humanity. On the other hand, it’s equally easy to see the potential for horrific abuse. If we don’t start discussing it NOW, then we will be left with the system that we get, and our voices won’t matter if things go sideways in a terrifying direction. While I don’t want this article to come off as completely alarmist, I always believe that the best policy in any situation is to be informed, and to prepare. But are we? Who will keep reputation scores on those who score reputation? Who will track those who track others’? Who will hold the systems to account?
“Sometimes we find ourselves walking through life blindfolded, and we try to deny that we’re the ones who securely tied the knot.” ― Jodi Picoult, Vanishing Acts
E-mail — borgbraincrypto@gmail.com
Twitter — @Borg_brain
